Former Memphis Mayor Willie Herenton Denies Addiction or Need for Power

After former Memphis Mayor Herenton suggested he may run in the interim election to replace himself, many media persons and citizens responded by questioning whether he was mentally stable. This prompted the former mayor to defend his mental stability (http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2009/aug/14/herenton-my-state-mind-real-good/).

In defending himself, the former mayor suggested he had changed his mind about resigning. He stated that he changed his mind because of decisions that he saw taking place at City Hall. He feared that these decisions would not be in the city’s best interest. Thus, the situation called for him to step back in to resume his role as mayor even as he was running for a congressional seat in Washington.

So why are so many focusing on whether his behavior is indicative of mental illness? Whenever behavior is otherwise inexplicable, it is common for folks to suggest that the answer to the behavior lies in mental illness. Psychologists view mental illness differently. Mental illness is seen as a pattern of behavior that is demonstrated consistently over time. Anxiety or depression interferes with the individual’s mood for months or even years. Drug and alcohol abuse or dependence is demonstrated by a pattern of behavior, not by the dire consequences of one night of substance abuse.

When former mayor Herenton suggested he did not have a need for power, he seemed to address whether he has a personality disorder. Most likely he is saying he does not have a narcissistic personality disorder. This is characterized by at least five of the following characteristics:
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:
1.Has a grandiose sense of self-importance
2.Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance,beauty or ideal love (megalomania)
3.Believes they are "special" and can only be understood by, or should associate with, people (or institutions) who are also "special" or of high status
4.Requires excessive admiration
5.Has a sense of entitlement
6.Is interpersonally exploitative
7.Lacks empathy
8.Is often envious of others or believes others are envious of him or her
9.Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes

The question is not whether Dr. Herenton has shown these patterns in this situation, but whether he has shown this pattern over the course of his adulthood? To accuse him of mental illness based on behavior that you do not understand is disrespectful to all of those who suffer a lifetime of mental illness.

Fighting Depression and Anxiety: Taking Responsibility For Your Mood

As the economy tanks and our lives become increasingly stressful, it is easy to blame anxiety and depression on outside forces acting on you. It feels as though external events are controlling your mood. Even the weather seems to impact your anxious and depressed mood on a dreary day.

By giving control to outside forces three things happen:

1. You are released from responsibility for your mood.
2. You cannot be judged for your mood.
3. Your mood cannot be expected to change unless circumstances change.

The problem is that such beliefs create helplessness. Helplessness then leads to passivity. No battle is won when we believe that the outcome is out of our control. Even under overwhelming circumstance, we need to believe that we can affect the outcome.

By taking responsibility for your mood,

1. you improve your mood by using active problem solving, even when a solution is not easily had.
2. you build hope for a brighter future by believing your circumstance can change in the future.
3. you tell yourself that you are a warrior who will do all you can to survive any circumstance and come out a happier person.

Helplessness and hopelessness presume that the outcome is going to be negative. Remind yourself daily that no outcome is known until it arrives.

Depression and Anxiety: Where's the Cure?

When enter treatment for a medical condition, you want a cure. Same with depression or anxiety; you want your therapist to prescribe a cure. In most cases, you don't really care what the treatment is, you just want to know that there is an end to the pain.

While this thinking is common, it may actually be the wrong way to think about change. If you are 100 lbs. overweight, then it is unwise to consider how to lose 100 lbs. That is an overwhelming goal. Instead, you want to set smaller, more achievable goals. Instead of a goal of losing 100 lbs., it is better to choose a goal such as eating fewer carbs and increasing fruits and vegetables, taking a walk three times this week, etc. Why are these better goals than losing 100 lbs.?

Goals are better when they are achievable within a short period of time. Goals are achievable when they are in reasonably easy reach and you can measure whether you have met the goal. We measure progress toward goals when we have set specific enough goals and are accountable.

Back to mood disorders. When you think in terms of a cure, then the goal becomes vague and is difficult to measure. As an alternative use these guidelines to set goals:

1. Imagine being cured of your mood disorder. List ten changes that would be reflected in your behavior if you were not depressed or anxious.
2. Take one of those behaviors and think of five steps that could be taken toward behaving this way.
3. Rank the five steps from the easiest to the most difficult. If they are all too difficult, then think of a couple easier steps that can be taken (for instance, imagine changing your behavior in your mind rather than actually acting on it).
4. Now take a step today. Goal-setting should not be an exercise in fantasy, it should translate into action. Take that action today.

A psychologist, B.F. Skinner managed to teach pigeons to play ping pong (click here if you don't believe me). How did he accomplish this? By breaking down this goal into small bits of behavior. If it works for pigeons, it will work for you!

Battling Depression and Anxiety

The title I have chosen for this first entry is important. It captures the two focuses of this blog. First, the focus will be on delivering information on mood disorders. More importantly, I plan to assist you in battling your mood when your mood undermines the type of life you deserve.

It is a battle, maybe it would be better to say it is a war, since it is really a series of battles. And there are many fronts to this war. You must battle your negative thinking, your lack of energy, your fears, self-forgiveness, negative predictions of the future, and the list goes on and on.

Drug company's advertisements suggest this battle can be won by taking a pill. For most, this is a vast overstatement. Instead, drug therapy is just one weapon one can use in this battle. Don't become discouraged if one weapon fails to deliver the results you want! There are many tools you can use to improve your mood.

Research suggests (and common sense confirms) that the more weapons you have in this battle, the more likely you will be to have an improved mood.